Ultrasonic Testing

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Basic Principle of Ultrasonic Testing Ultrasonic testing is a method that uses ultrasonic wave technology to perform in……

Basic Principle of Ultrasonic Testing

Ultrasonic testing is a method that uses ultrasonic wave technology to perform inspections. Ultrasound refers to sound waves with a frequency greater than 20,000 Hz. These waves have good directionality, can propagate in a straight line through a medium, and exhibit characteristics such as reflection, refraction, diffraction, and attenuation when they encounter different media or structural interfaces. These characteristics make ultrasonic testing useful for detecting internal defects in materials, such as cracks, inclusions, and voids.
the principle of scanning acoustic microscope
Basic Priciple of Ultrasonic Testing

1. Emitting Ultrasonic Waves

Probe and Transducer: Ultrasonic testing uses a device called a probe or transducer, which contains piezoelectric crystals. When an electrical signal is applied to these crystals, they vibrate and generate ultrasonic waves.
2. Propagation of Ultrasonic Waves in Materials
Speed of Sound: Ultrasonic waves propagate at different speeds in different materials. This speed is crucial for determining the location of defects.
3. Reflection, Refraction, and Scattering of Waves
  • Interface Reflection: When ultrasonic waves encounter the interface between two different materials, part of the wave is reflected back. The energy of the reflected wave depends on the impedance difference at the interface.
  • Refraction: If the interface is not perpendicular to the incident wave direction, refraction occurs, causing the wave’s path to bend.
  • Scattering: When encountering small discontinuities, such as cracks or voids, the ultrasonic wave may scatter, reflecting in multiple directions. This helps detect fine defects.
4. Receiving Reflected Waves
Couplant: To ensure efficient transmission of ultrasonic waves into the material, a couplant (such as water or another liquid medium) is typically used between the probe and the material surface to minimize the effects of air gaps. Receiving Probe: The same probe or another probe receives the ultrasonic signals reflected back from defects or other interfaces and converts them into electrical signals for analysis.
5. Data Analysis
  • Time-Distance Relationship: By measuring the time it takes for the ultrasonic waves to travel to the defect and return, and combining this with the known speed of sound, the location of the defect can be calculated.
  • Amplitude Analysis: The amplitude of the reflected wave reflects the amount of energy reflected at the interface. Larger defects typically produce stronger reflected signals.
6. Interpreting Results
Image Generation: Modern UT equipment can convert the received data into intuitive images, helping operators better understand the test results.
Applications of Ultrasonic Testing
Ultrasonic testing is widely used in industrial fields, particularly for the inspection of materials, components, and equipment. It can be applied in various aspects such as quality control during product manufacturing, raw material inspection, process improvement, and is also an indispensable tool in equipment maintenance. Ultrasonic testing is suitable for a wide range of materials, including metals, non-metals, and composite materials. Examples include steel plates, forged steel, aluminum and aluminum alloy plates, titanium and titanium alloy plates, composite panels, and the inspection of butt welded joints.
Hiwave machine to Indian
Main Advantages of Ultrasonic Testing
  • Strong Penetration Ability: Ultrasonic waves can penetrate workpieces of considerable thickness, with effective detection depths reaching over 1 meter.
  • Accurate Defect Localization: By analyzing the reflected waves, the exact location of defects can be precisely determined.
  • High Sensitivity: Ultrasonic testing is capable of detecting very small internal defects in a workpiece, with theoretical sensitivity approximately half the wavelength of the ultrasonic waves.
  • Low Cost and Fast Speed: Ultrasonic testing equipment is lightweight, easy to operate, and harmless to both the human body and the environment, making it suitable for on-site use.
Hiwave: Innovator of Scanning Acoustic Microscope in China
Hiwave is a high-tech company in China focused on the research and development, system integration, sales, and technical services of Scanning Acoustic Microscopes (SAM). With outstanding technical capabilities and extensive industry experience, the company provides advanced non-destructive testing solutions to global clients, with applications in high-demand fields such as semiconductors, IGBT modules, diamond materials, water-cooled heat dissipation systems, electronics and electrical appliances, and composite materials.
Technology and Product Advantages
Core Technology: Hiwave has mastered the core technologies of ultrasonic imaging, including high-resolution ultrasonic transducer design, multi-channel data acquisition systems, and real-time image processing algorithms. These technologies ensure that the company’s products lead the industry in detection accuracy, speed, and reliability.
 
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Hiwave Company
Application Areas
Hiwave’s products play a key role in several critical industries:
  • Semiconductor Manufacturing: Used to inspect the internal structure of wafers and packaged chips, ensuring product quality.
  • IGBT Module Inspection: Identifies potential defects in power semiconductor devices, ensuring the stability of power electronic systems.
  • Diamond Materials: Performs non-destructive testing on synthetic diamonds and other hard materials, ensuring material performance.
  • Water-Cooled Heat Dissipation Systems: Inspects cooling plates and pipes for cracks or blockages, improving thermal management efficiency.
  • Electronics and Electrical Appliances: Evaluates the integrity of components like PCB boards and connectors to prevent functional failures caused by internal defects.
  • Composite Materials: Supports quality control of advanced materials used in industries such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing.
Partners and Market Influence
Hiwave occupies an important position in the domestic market and is actively expanding into international markets. The company has established long-term partnerships with many internationally renowned enterprises, such as Schneider Electric, BYD, Huawei, Tata Group, and Saudi Aramco. Additionally, Hiwave maintains close cooperation with several well-known universities and research institutions, both domestically and internationally, working together to advance and develop ultrasonic testing technology.
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Ultrasonic Testing
               

Hiwave specializes in providing ultrasonic scanning microscopes (USM) for precise non-destructive testing in semiconductors and electronics.

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