Key Components of Acoustic Microscope
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author：Hiwave
source：Hiwave
time：2025-04-01
catogory：Frequently Asked Questions
The Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM) is an imaging tool that uses high-frequency ultrasonic waves to probe the internal structure of materials. It is particularly su……
The Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM) is an imaging tool that uses high-frequency ultrasonic waves to probe the internal structure of materials. It is particularly suitable for detecting internal defects, delamination, cracks, and other issues within materials. To achieve this functionality, SAM integrates several key components, each playing an indispensable role in the final imaging process.
Ultrasonic Transducer: This is the core component of SAM, primarily responsible for generating and receiving ultrasonic waves. It is typically made of piezoelectric ceramic materials, which can produce mechanical vibrations (i.e., emit ultrasonic waves) under the action of electrical signals and convert received ultrasonic echo signals back into electrical signals. The design of the transducer directly affects resolution and penetration depth, and transducers of different frequencies are suitable for various applications.
Ultrasonic Generator: The ultrasonic generator is a key device that provides driving signals to the ultrasonic transducer. It generates electrical signals of specific frequencies and amplitudes to excite the transducer to emit ultrasonic waves. The performance of the ultrasonic generator directly impacts the stability and intensity of the ultrasonic waves, thereby affecting image quality. Additionally, some advanced ultrasonic generators support frequency modulation and pulse width adjustment to accommodate different sample characteristics and testing requirements.
Scanning System: This includes a precision mechanical moving platform and control system, used to accurately move the sample or transducer in the X, Y, and Z directions. This high-precision motion capability is critical for obtaining high-quality images, as it ensures systematic point-by-point scanning of the sample surface. Additionally, some advanced SAMs support tilted scanning to obtain more comprehensive sample information.
Coupling Medium and Water Tank: Since air significantly attenuates the energy of ultrasonic waves, a liquid coupling medium is required to fill the space between the transducer and the sample. Water is the most commonly used coupling agent because it is harmless and easy to handle. The water tank not only holds the coupling liquid but also provides support for the sample and helps stabilize the temperature, as temperature changes can affect the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic waves.
AD Data Acquisition Card: The AD (Analog-to-Digital) data acquisition card is an important component that converts the received analog ultrasonic signals into digital signals. It features a high sampling rate and high resolution, enabling it to accurately capture subtle changes in ultrasonic waves. The acquired digital signals are then sent to the computer for further processing and analysis. The performance of the AD data acquisition card directly determines signal fidelity and imaging accuracy.
Signal Processing Unit: This unit processes the raw ultrasonic signals received through a series of steps, including amplification and filtering, to remove noise and enhance useful signal features. Subsequently, the processed data is sent to the computer system for further analysis and image reconstruction.
Computer Control and Imaging Software: Modern SAMs are equipped with specially designed software that can automate the scanning process, collect data, perform complex signal processing, and generate intuitive 2D or 3D images. These software programs also allow users to adjust various parameters, such as scanning speed, resolution, and image contrast, to meet specific application requirements.
